3.1.1 Exploring new frontiers of data and AI value creation
Europe should actively explore emerging paradigms capable of creating new forms of industrial and societal value. Specific attention should be given to AI systems that move beyond traditional prediction towards autonomous reasoning, interaction with the physical world, and close collaboration with humans. Therefore, this direction should focus on, among others, the following key areas:
- AI Agents, evolving to multi-agent orchestration in collaborative scenarios, but also considering real applications, risks and limitations.
- Physical AI, enabling AI to operate in physical and embodied environments, from industry and mobility to energy and infrastructure. Deployment remains challenging due to less persistent data, unpredictable conditions and limited reversibility of errors, requiring advances in robustness, safety, data and simulation.
- Frontier AI models, driving increasingly capable and general-purpose AI systems, while raising strategic questions around access to compute and data, efficiency, sovereignty, reliability and the development of European capabilities.
- Human–AI interaction, addressing the evolving role of people as AI becomes increasingly autonomous and embedded in organisations, with a focus on human judgement, organisational accountability, trust, governance and the changing economics of work